Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Depression - Essay Example More detailed definitions of the term give a little more sense of the depth of emotion the term indicates. Another Merriam-Webster definition goes deeper by describing depression as â€Å"a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies† (2009). The tendency to define the condition based on how it makes a person feels is echoed in Medline but Medline adds that these feelings must be experienced for an extended period of time. But everyone has a tendency to feel some or even all of these feelings at some point during their day or week, so what makes the depressed person different from everyone else? Trying to understand what is really meant by the term depression becomes more confusing when it is understood that there are several different types of depression. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, there are at least five different types of depression. Major depressive disorder, or major depression, is what is commonly defined in the dictionary in terms of the symptoms a person might experience. More than just sadness, though, â€Å"major depression is disabling and prevents a person from functioning normally† (NIMH, 2009). The other kinds of depression all fall under the heading of dysthymic disorder which is not considered to be disabling, but is considered long-term, which NIMH defines as two years or more. These include psychotic depression, postpartum depression and seasonal affective disorder. Psychotic depression is like regular depression but includes the person developing hallucinations, delusions or breaking from reality. Postpartum depression ha ppens within the first month after giving birth and seasonal affective disorder occurs during the winter months when there is less

What do you see as advantages & disadvantages of being native a Essay

What do you see as advantages & disadvantages of being native a speaker and a non-native speaker - Essay Example Native speakers of a language enjoy numerous advantages over their non-native counterparts who, subsequently, experience a range of disadvantages due to social exclusion, lack of any intense or ongoing semantic familiarity and the burden of social or ethnic otherness that finds itself replicated in language systems. Advantages also exist for non-native speakers however, as the concept of English as a 'global language' creates a simplified, secondary stream of English language communication. Native and non-native speakers therefore enjoy both positive and negative flow on effects from their degree of expertise or familiarity - and these effects vary as global language systems evolve. As the use of English spreads throughout the world and the concept of a 'global english' becomes more viable - a clear delineation emerges between native and non-native speakers of the promoted dominant language. There is a clear linguistic stratification within groups who are 'speakers' of a certain lang uage. Even within groups of native speakers there are cultural, socio-economic and micro-social dialectic particulars creating sub-categories of communication that produce exclusivity within even smaller groups.

Speech Coaching Essay Example for Free

Speech Coaching Essay Problem Definition Communication, particularly oral communication is an essential skill, maybe more now than ever. With all of the electronic communication, good oral communication should stand out. Justification for Problem Definition Communication skills simply do not refer to the way in which we communicate with another person. It encompasses many other things the way in which we respond to the person we are speaking, body gestures including the facial ones, pitch and tone of our voice and a lot of other things. And the importance of communication skills is not just limited to the management world, since effective communication skills are now required in each and every aspect of our life. We can measure the importance of communication skills in the business sector when we take a look at job advertisements. There is little chance that you will come across an advertisement which does not mention that candidates should have good communication skills. List of Alternative course of action . Hiring a speech consultant. 2. Onsite communication and speech training. 3. Online or remote communication and speech training. Evaluate Alternatives 1. Conduct in house training sessions. First we have to hire employees with high effective communication skills, with this the amount of investment in the communication training should be minimized, then to conduct a periodic and regular in-house sessions and workshops to develop and enhance their communication skills. . Communication training for all employees. Communication training will help business to grow, essential communication skills training is required to be provided to all employees, but more advanced levels of training should be provided to front liners and executives, as effective communication skills are important for business continuity and growth. The company will invest a lot in this training but most probably will gain the benefits of this investment. 3. Communication training for leaders and front liners. Provide top notch communication skills training for company’s leaders, who are expected to train and mentor their subordinates on how to communicate effectively. Providing this kind of training to front liners will help improving business and grow sales figures. Conclusion Recommendations First and third solutions are recommended to be conducted along with each other’s to help have better communication across the company and with external parties.

Liberal ideology Essay Example for Free

Liberal ideology Essay How important was new Liberal ideology in leading to the welfare reforms of 1905-11? In answering this essay it is probably best to understand what is meant by ideology. Ideology is defined as a set of beliefs and aims by a group or groups of individuals who share the same common views. The word liberal means being free. The Liberal party is seen as a party that has an open mind over issues and follows what the majority of people want. In this essay I will explain the key issues that might have led to the Liberal party implementing these welfare reforms in Britain between 1905-11. New something -ism is often just a name given by a party to show that their ideologies have evolved from previous, outdated times. New Liberal ideology is looked at in the context of older Liberal beliefs. This idea of renaming the ideology of a party was seen as an attempt by a party to gain support by claiming to bring in new, unique policies (Simon Potter). However, these thoughts cannot be used when referring to New Liberalism. Under the leadership of politicians such as Asquith, Churchill and Lloyd-George the Liberal party seemed to break away from its past. In fact, in 1906 after two decades of political failure, the Liberal party came to power. It introduced the biggest number of social reforms of its time in Britain. It is the reasons behind these reforms that I will be looking at. The main difference between Old Liberal thinking and New Liberalism was that more emphasis was put on collectivism rather than individualism, which had previously been preached. People began to change their minds from earlier thinking and began to believe that it was the governments duty to improve life for the community. These ideas as well as those of positive liberty only seemed to appeal to a small minority of Liberal ministers. However, it did appeal to influential Liberals that were in power. This included the future Prime Minister Herbert Asquith. It is my belief that increased knowledge of poverty was more important than new Liberal ideology (aka New Liberlism). Many people in Britain were poverty stricken or in need for help. The government needed to find out exactly how people were getting into poverty. Seebohm Rowntree, a historian in the 19th-20th Century, carried out a survey into poverty in York. York was more typical of the whole country rather than the East End. Seebohm calculated a poverty line (minimum income necessary to stay out of poverty) based on scientific calculations. Those people that did not have the minimum income were in primary poverty and could not achieve physical efficiency. He discovered that those people who were in secondary poverty were there because they hadnt spent their money well enough. Seebohms statistical figures and results opened the eyes of many in Britain. It made many people realise how poverty had come about and how The liberal party believed that welfare reforms would make Britain more competitive and efficient with foreign countries such as Germany and USA. Britain was less advanced than these two superpowers in their army, in industry and in education. Some believed that changes to the education system and administration would make Britain on a more equal level with the two above-mentioned countries. Others believed that sorting out poverty and health would improve Britains national efficiency. Liberals believed that welfare reforms would help improve the standard of living of the poorer classes. These people tended to be unfit and therefore were unable to join the army. It was also the poorer people who wanted to become soldiers. By improving the lives and health of poor people, then more would be accepted into the army. Therefore, this is one area that would become more efficient and competitive. Changes to health and child reforms would also make Britain more efficient. Children were Britains future prospects. By improving all aspects of their lives (especially those that were coming from poorer backgrounds), children would help Britain to become an all round superpower in 30-40 years to come. They were arguably the most needy of welfare reforms, which maybe explains why the Liberal party implemented many reforms regarding them between 1905-11. The need to win working class support and beat off challenges from the Labour party was the most important reason for the introduction of Welfare reforms between 1905-11. New Liberalism was based on political beliefs, but the need to resist the Labour parties potential challenge was based on political advantages. The 1903 Lib-Lab pact made Labour more of a threat on the political stage. They gained there most number of seats in Parliament in the 1906 elections and with the support of the majority of the working class and the Trade Unions; the labour party were proving to be capable opposition.

Sociocultural Constructivism Theory Essay -- Sociology, Piaget

Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework: Cognitive Constructivism Theory and Sociocultural Constructivism Theory As stated in Chapter I, to create better readers, many reading specialists agree that word study is a developmentally sound approach to providing reading instruction (Bear et al, 2008; Ganske, 2000; Zutell, 1999). Word study is founded on robust evidence-based research on the developmental stages of reading and spelling; however, word study and specifically word sorts have a diminuative amount of scientific evidence as to it success in reading instruction (Boscardin et al, ND). To create an evidence-based study, it is useful to analyze word study using the lenses of cognitive constructivism and sociocultural constructivism theories. In combining these two theoretical frameworks, I will view the WtW reading instruction approach from both the internal cognitive development as well as the external social influences of learning. In Chapter 2, I will succinctly review the principles of each theory and demonstrate how the theories provide an applicable balance for this study. Constructing meaning from an event is an important link to comprehension (Carlisle, 2000; Francis, et al., 1996; NICHD, ND; Rasinski & Oswald, 2005; Williams & Lundstrum, 2007). However, the idea of constructing meaning, or constructivism, is a broad concept with multiple connotations. Two distinct types of constructivism will be the lens for this study, cognitive constructivism and sociocultural constructivism. The two theories are essentially different in that cognitive constructivism posits the internal construction of information as the controlling influence, while sociocultural constructivism posits the external interactions with peers and adults as m... ...ible tool for examining data from this study. Word study’s origin is based on the belief of the student’s constructivism in understanding and comprehending new knowledge by the word study developers, the generalized belief by education specialists that it is the way students learn, its foundational role in teacher preparation programs, and its acceptance of the dynamics within the classroom as playing a role in appropriate instruction. Hence, for this study, it is advantageous to use the constructivism theories of both Piaget and Vygotsky, cognitive and sociocultural, as theoretical frameworks. Together these theories will be the lens for analysis of the data collected within the study. By using both, I am able to examine both the an individual’s internal and external construction of information. In the ensuing chapter, I establish the methodology of this study.

Latin America Resources Essay -- essays research papers

I. 1.Miguel Angel Asturias- A Nobel Prize wining novelist and poet from Guatemala. Wrote about his experience under a dictatorship. Established small-town life and a clash of cultures as themes 2.Frida Kahlo- Started painting in 1925 when she was hospitalized. Married Diego Rivera. Was inspired by retablos, religious paintings. Was a champion of Mexican culture. 3.John F. Kennedy – Kennedy encouraged Latin American countries to undertake reforms to raise the standard of living for their people with the Alliance for Progress in 1961. 4.Luis Munoz Marin – Became Puerto Rico’s first elected governor in the 1950s. He supported a program to encourage tourism and develop industry on the island. 5.Gabriel Garcia Marquez- Nobel Prize winning author in Columbia. Wrote in a Style called magical realism. Most popular novel was One Hundred years of Solitude. 6.James Munroe – Issued the Munroe Doctrine in 1823 which disallowed colonization in the Americas 7.Pablo Neruda - Chile’s Nobel Prize winning poet who criticized the United States for using its power and wealth to carve up Panama. 8.Manuel Noriega – Panama’s president who was charged by the United States with drug trafficking in 1988. 9.Franklin D. Roosevelt – Announced the Good Neighbor Policy in 1933, which declared that â€Å"no state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another state.† 10.Theodore Roosevelt – President that offered Columbia $10 million for a strip of land in Panama to build a canal. Roosevelt encouraged rebels in Panama to rebel when Columbia rejected the offer. In 1903 when the Panama people received their independence, they granted US the 10 mile wide â€Å"canal zone.† II. 1. Under the Platt Amendment, the United States claimed the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. 2. The United States gained Puerto Rico and Philippines from Spain. 3. Financial interests led the United States to intervene in Latin America. In the early 1900s, the Dominican Republic was unable to pay its debts to American banks. American forces also occupied Nicaragua and Haiti ,and intervened in the affairs of Honduras 6 times. In each case, they stepped in to protect American lives and property or to support a government that favored American interests. 4. The United States wanted to create a solid anti-communist bloc in the Americas. The United States’ primary concern was the communist country of ... ...lopment and democracy. The OAS includes the United States, which has tended to dominated the organization. 11.retablos – religious paintings offered as thanks for escape from misfortune. 12.Sendero Luminoso – (Shining Path) Extreme left wing group that resorted to torture and murder in their on-going struggle to control the country of Peru. 13.Spanish-American War – As the United States industrialized, it extended its influence in the Caribbean and Central America. During the 1890s, Cuban patriots were battling for independence from Spain. In 1898, the United States declared war on Spain and joined the fighting. It promised that once peace was achieved it would â€Å"leave the government and control of Cuba to its people.† The Spanish American War ended in victory for the United States. Cuba did gain its independence, but the United States forced Cuba to include the Platt Amendment as part of its new constitution. Under the Platt Amendment the United States claimed the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. As a result the United States gained Puerto Rico and Philippines from Spain. 14.ultraismo – The belief that art should exist for its own sake, not for any social or political reasons.

Influence of Humanism and Renaissance Italian Art

During the Italian Renaissance , humanism played an important role ininfluencing the artist of that time in their paintings and what they drew. The definition of  humanism is the denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the  rejection of religion in favor of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own  efforts. This means that many of the philosophers, scientists, and artists of that time  started to reject the ideas of the church. Previously almost all pictures had to do with  religion but this changed and is shown in two works in the Italian Renaissance. They are  The School of Athens, by Raphael, and in The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci.Taking a first glimpse of The School of Athens by Raphael, you will see that there  is humanism everywhere. You can tell that it was planned carefully, and portrayed  something meaningful to the artist. In the painting The School of Athens you can notice  an extremely dominant theme: Humanism. Th e artist, Raphael, shows a thirst  and  eagerness for knowledge that is displayed everywhere in the painting. This gives us a  glimpse of what society was back in the Renaissance. Judging by the painting, it was  mainly revolving around education and advancement. In The School of Athens, Raphael  paints people learning from, debating against and simply ignore one another.Each  individual illustrates a point about society in the Renaissance. Similar to the theme and  the setting of the painting, these interactions mostly have to do with knowledge and  understanding, as the school would not be a place of social life back then. Both the  theme of and people in the painting are included in the realism of a painting to show a  society, which is used effectively in The School of Athens by Raphael.In The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo also uses humanism  although it has to do somewhat with religion. In the painting, there is immense amounts  of symmetry in this painting. This was important to humanism because everything was  supposed to be balanced. Also man's perfection was a big part in the renaissance, and a  body is symmetrical. So some symmetry in The Last Supper was, on either side of Jesus  was a group of six people, then in those groups of people each was split into two other  groups, all very even and symmetrical. There was also four panels on each side of the  walls.Another characteristic of humanism art was real emotions. Every single person in  this painting( besides Jesus, who was left out for obvious reasons) is not smiling. They  are giving real emotions. Humanism art was all about emotions, and being real. All the  people in the painting seem concerned or anxious, all real emotions, they are not just  happy all the time. Like what was stated before, artist of the time wanted to show how  real people in the paintings were. All the people have shaded in feature which give them  the look of real people.As you can see, by these two works and also by many others, there much much  humanism involved. In almost every painting, the artists drew more life like pictures and  people showing the expressions of their faces and the society they had lived in at that  time. You can see this in the two examples that I showed. Both of them had similar  aspects because both had realistic people in them, and both pictures showed expressions  on the peoples faces.

Disparity and Discrimination Essay

Many different situations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separate into different social groups, with different language, dress, customs, ect. Erik Erikson was known as the first person to use this term in 1966 explaining the inhumanity of human groups and human subgroups. For example: People with different religions believed their religion was true and others group’s religions were untrue. The criminal justice system law enforcement officers would have to respect a person religion, the way they dress, their custom, and language. There were necessary accommodations which had to be made by law enforcement officers, by separating the different religion groups so a person would not get harm by another person of a different religion group. Bigotry vs. Racism Bigotry is defined as the state of mind of a bigot. According to Merriam Webster bigotry is a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinion and prejudices, especially one who regards or treats the member of a group with hatred and intolerance. For example: a person of another race might lock their doors when driving through a neighborhood populated by people of another race. Racism is defined as action, attitude, practices, or beliefs that reflect or support the racial worldview. Racism is a term which is used negatively and is usually associated with race based. The belief of racism is that people are divided into distinct hereditary groups that are innately different in their behavior and abilities. An example of a racism act could be when a young black man is stopped many times while he was driving his car, when he has done nothing wrong. They look inside his car and ask him for license and registration. â€Å"The police stop blacks and Latinos at rates that are much higher than whites. In New York City, where people of color make up about half of the population, 80% of the NYPD stops were of blacks and Latinos. When whites were stopped, only 8% were frisked. When blacks and Latinos are stopped 85% were frisked according to information provided by the NYPD. The same is true most other places as well. In a California study, the ACLU found blacks are three times more likely to be stopped than whites† (Quigley, 2012, Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). Hegemony Felluga, (2011) â€Å"Hegemony is the processes by which dominant culture maintains its dominant position† (Hegemony). For example, a leader who was able to have control over a group of people might be referred to as hegemony. To keep the populations as a whole form rebelling against leadership hegemony has to have the support from at least one dominate class of people. Disparity vs. Discrimination Disparity in the criminal justice system refers to inequity of arrest and sentencing for certain groups of people. Most of the time it is refers to racial and ethnic disparity while discrimination can be defined as a prejudice. There is a difference in disparity however; the difference does not mean discrimination. For example, A person is arrested for burglary because of the person past crime history, and because this person was close to the scene of the crime. â€Å"To determine if discrimination exists in the criminal justice system or if the differences are a result of disparity one must fully understand the key differences between discrimination and† (Williams, 2009, Justice for All). In the criminal justice system, both discrimination and disparity exists.

Of Mice and Men †Discuss the theme’s in the play Essay

By themes, I mean the ideas, which the author is trying to give us. Most authors do not write just for fun, but to show us that there is a message that they would like us to learn behind the plot. Usually the ideas are ones that the author believes in deeply. The themes are under the following headings: * Loneliness Loneliness affects many of the characters, and Steinbeck seems to show that it is a natural result of the kind of life they are forced to lead. The workers are caught in a trap of loneliness – they never stay in one place long enough to form long lasting relationships. Even if the relationships existed, they would probably be destroyed by the demands of their life. Candy is lonely because he is old, and is different from the other hands. His only comfort is his old dog, which keeps him company and reminds him of days when he was young and whole. He has no relatives, and once his dog is killed he is totally alone. He eagerly grasps at the idea of buying a farm with George and Lennie, but of course this all comes to nothing. Candy’s disappointment is shown in the bitter words he utters to the body of Curley’s wife, who he blames for spoiling his dream. George is also caught in the trap of loneliness. Just as Candy has his dog for company, George has Lennie (who is often described in animal-like terms). George too is left completely alone when Lennie is killed. The dream farm is his idea, and he says ‘We’d belong there †¦ no more runnin’ around the country†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Another lonely character is Curley’s wife. Newly married and in a strange place, she is forbidden by Curley to talk to anyone but him. She constantly approaches the ranch hands on the excuse of looking for Curley. The only result is that the men regard her as a slut, and Curley becomes even more intensely jealous. Finally, her loneliness leads to her death as she makes the mistake of trying to defeat it by playing with Lennie. Curley himself is lonely. His new wife hates him, as do all the ranch hands who dislike him for his cowardice. He has married, to try and escape his loneliness, but has chosen a wife totally inappropriate for the kind of life he desires. His feelings are all of aggressive behaviour, which places his wife further away from him and leads to the incident with Lennie where his hand is crushed. Crooks is another who is isolated because he is different. He copes with it by keeping a distance between himself and the other hands. When he does allow himself to be drawn into the dream of working on George and Lennie’s dream farm, he is immediately shut out by George’s anger. * Violence The story has many examples of a kind of needless violence. For example, Candy relates how the boss gave them whisky and allowed a fight to take place in the bunkhouse. Curley is the most obvious violent character, and whenever he appears there is a feeling of tension. He causes George to remark’†¦what the hell’s he got on his shoulder. Candy explains that Curley often picks on big guys (a sure sign of trouble for Lennie). We are prepared for Curley’s later anger, which adds up at the end in his wish to’†¦ shoot him in the guts.’ Carlson is another character associated with violence. He is unconcerned about killing Candy’s dog (and in fact cleans the gun in Candy’s presence). He goes to watch the fun when Curley thinks Slim may be with his wife, and later threatens Curley more, saying ‘†¦ kick your head off. Later he is very keen to get his gun to join in the hunt for Lennie. The last words in the book belong to Carlson, and it is little surprise that they reveal his complete inability to understand George’s feelings about the death of Lennie. Compared to the other characters, Lennie reveals an unintentional violence. He does not even think to fight back when Curley attacks him, but when he does, it is with immense and uncontrollable power. He has so little control over his own strength that he accidentally kills his puppy, and then minutes later snuffs out the life of Curley’s wife. His actions on these occasions are compared to those of an animal, powerful but thoughtless. Curley’s wife is attracted to him because of the violence he had shown in crushing her husband’s hand. It is the threat of violence to be used against Lennie that causes George to take the final step of killing his friend. * Dreams Dreams are one of the ways in which the characters fight the loneliness and hopelessness of their day to day lives. The most obvious example is the dream farm, a dream shared at first only by George and Lennie, but which later spreads to include Candy and Crooks. Crooks reveals that it is the favourite dream of the ranchers: ‘Seems like ever’ guy got land in his head. ‘It is a powerful dream, and even Crook’s falls under its spell for a short time. To Lennie, the dream is a cure to disappointment and loneliness, and he often asks George to say the description of the farm to him again. Curley’s wife is another who has dreams, her fantasies of a part in the movies and a life of luxury. Part of her sadness with her life is that it can never measure up to her dreams. But, none of the characters ever achieve their dreams. * Nature Steinbeck shows that nature is a beautiful and peaceful place, but threatened by the actions of men. The beginning of the story sets this pattern, as the creatures at the pool are disturbed by George and Lennie’s approach. The ranch and its buildings, being created by men, are in contrast with the natural world. For example the bunkhouse is quite bare and stark. Even more unnatural is that Candy and Crooks are either deformed in appearance. Contrasted to these two characters is Lennie, who almost seems a part of the natural world as he is described in animal terms. In fact, one of Lennie’s dreams is to go and live by himself in a cave. Maybe this would be the only way in which the natural world of Lennie would not come into conflict with the world of men.. Steinbeck referred to this story as a play/novel, and we are shown how closely it does resemble a play. Each section or chapter is set in a clearly defined place like a scene in a play. The beginning of each section contains detailed description, like stage directions in a play, while the rest of each section is mostly dialogue. This may seem like a rather unreal way to write a novel, but Steinbeck does it so well that we do not notice. A noticeable feature of the language of the novel is what a critic might call ‘economy’. One result of this is that almost every sentence is important in one way or another, either in developing a character, moving the plot forward or hinting at action still to come. Steinbeck has skilfully created a number of parallel events into the story. Candy and his dog provide a parallel to George and Lennie. And also, when Lennie kills Curley’s wife, it echoes his earlier killing of the puppy. There are many such echoes and parallels in the book. Steinbeck has also shown us the way in which capturing the spoken language of the characters gives a better feel to the story. Most of them are uneducated, and this shows through in their use of broken and slang language. Even their uneducated pronunciation has been shown Steinbeck also uses colours and sounds to great effect. For example, Curley’s wife is associated with red, symbolic of danger or passion perhaps. A further strong association is that of Lennie with animals. At various times he is described as a bull, a bear and a dog. Even when not directly compared with an animal, he is described in animal terms. For example, his hand is a paw. This is particularly appropriate for Lennie, as he usually acts in the simple, natural way of an animal. Soledad is a real place in California and its name can mean loneliness or a lonely place. A cue to one of the major themes of the novel right at the beginning.

Inmate Classification

Inmate classification, as soon as the person is convicted of a crime, he is sent to the level of a prison accordingly with respect to his crime. The nature of a crime determines the level of a prison, if a person committed a more violent crime; it is likely that he would be sent to a more secured level of a prison. There are four levels of prisons, minimum, medium, close and maximum. However, I would like to just discuss minimum and medium level. Minimum – Minimum security prison consists of dormitories that are not very secured, and are monitored by correctional officers regularly.As they used to hold people who committed a crime that wasn't as violent such as driving drunk or other crimes of such nature, there are no watch towers surrounding minimum security prisons, and they usually have a single fence perimeter. The movement of inmates isn't controlled, and they’re free to move within the prison without any problem. The inmates in minimum security prisoners are usua lly asked to do community based work such as road maintenance or working for a civilian employee etc.Medium – Medium security prisons are not as secured, but securer than minimum security prisons. They usually consist of dormitories that are capable of holding around forty-nine to fifty inmates. Unlike minimum security prisons, inmates are not allowed to move as freely, and are supervised almost all of the time. At night each dormitory is locked, and supervised by a correctional officer who monitors every movement. Medium security prisons are also covered by double fenced perimeters, and usually have watch towers, so that no one escapes.

Ballad of Birmingham essays

Ballad of Birmingham essays The Ballad of Birmingham wrote by Dudley Randall was about a church that was bombed in 1963. This ballad was wrote by an African American man who was forty-nine years old when the bombing occurred. This ballad features irony, symbolism, and discrimination. It is very ironic that the mother did not want her child to be on the streets of a big city because of the safety factor, so therefore she sent her to church instead which was the death of her daughter. The shoes and clothing that she dressed her daughter in was white and clean when her daughter left to go to church but after the bombing she only found one shoe that was underneath all the rubble. The symbolism is represented throughout the ballad in different ways. The mother replies to the question her daughter asked about going out to a Freedom March by saying the dogs are fierce and wild (6). The dogs are symbolic to the people and officers at the march that could get out of hand. The daughter wants to go to the march for freedom and the mother dresses her nicely and sprays her with cologne to send her to church. The mother was afraid of her daughter getting into violence and sent her to church to worship where she thought she would be safe. The bombing of the black church was done because of someone who was prejudice. The march was held for the rights of the black people so they would be treated equal and not discriminated against. A small innocent child was killed by the grotesque actions done by someone who was against black people. This ballad contains a lot of words that can touch the heart of anyone and any race. It has a regular meter when reading it. It could easily be put to music to make a beautiful song. ...

Sales Management and Strategy

Sales Management and Strategy The business world is currently experiencing high levels of competition. This is due to availability of capital, easy entry into markets, present of substitutes and increase in the purchasing power of consumers (Sorce 6).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sales Management and Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, firms need to come up with effective and efficient strategies in order to achieve a competitive advantage over their rivals in their respective fields of operation in order to be profitable and sustainable in the short run and in the long run. Consultative sales approach is a strategy that managers of many organizations currently use to stand at a competitive edge over their rivals. The main aim of this strategy is to develop strong relationships between firms and their clients (Sorce 9). Many managers view this strategy as a critical differentiator hence enabling a firm not only to i ncrease its sales but also to stand at a competitive advantage over its rivals. The relationship that is developed through consultative sales approach makes sure that a firm understand the needs and desires of its customers. In this way, the firm is capable of developing goods and services that satisfy this need. This in turn creates brand loyalty and acts as an avenue for the growth of a firm in the short run and in the long run. From the discussion that has been presented so far, it is essential for firms to develop strong relationships with their customers. However, marketers usually try to maximize the benefits of economies of scale while utilizing the consultative sales approach. To achieve this, marketers usually believe that it is more convenient for a firm to develop strong relationships with a few large customers than many small customers (Oliver 35). This is because firms normally incur high operational costs in marketing, selling and distributing finished products or serv ices to the customers. Therefore, concentrating once a few large customers will reduce the extra costs, time and energy that is required to carter for many small customers. Therefore, a strong relationship exists between constructive sales approach and marketing. It is essential first for a firm to identify its target market, come up with effective and efficient marketing strategies that will capture the attention of their targeted customers, then finally use the consultative sales approach to develop strong relationships.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, before a firm decides to build a strong relationship with a client, it needs to have a clear understanding of them. This is essential, as it will determine the type of relationship that the firm shall develop with its clients and the tastes and preferences of the clients. It has always been advisa ble that a firm partners up with clients who are innovative, creative, leaders in their respective industries, and clients who are highly experiences (Sorce 12). Collaborating with such clients will improve the reputation and credibility of a given firm hence boosting its operations in the short run and in the long run. After the prospective customers have been identified, it is essential for a firm, through its marketing strategies, to build a strong customer commitment to the brand (Reichheld 18). In most cases, this is achieved through customer satisfaction and through the development of brand equity. This in turn results to the development of a strong relationship between a firm and its customers. To satisfy the needs of its customers, a firm needs to deliver goods or services that are of superior quality as compared to the ones provided by rival companies in the industry. This plays a critical role in the development of brand equity. Brand equity is a factor that is based on th e level of brand loyalty, brand awareness, reputable quality of the brand, relationship of the brand and its customers and marketing impacts of the brand by its loyal customers (Reichheld 19). It is essential for a firm to ensure that these factors are implemented successfully as they guarantee repeat purchases, protection against price fluctuations, increased responses from customers and marketing of the products by customers especially through the word of mouth. Initially, firms strived to achieve a relationship that was based on consumer satisfaction. However, the results of recent studies have shown that despite the fact that customers might be satisfied with the quality of goods or services offered by a firm, quite a good number of them usually defect to other brands (Reichheld 19).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sales Management and Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, to overcome this set back, it has always been recommended that firms that deal with consumer products to develop brand equity with their consumers while firms that focus on industrial products should develop strong brand relationships with their clients (Reichheld 19). Several marketing strategies have been developed to ensure that brand equity is achieved. This includes the use of electronic and print media to advertise the products. It is as a result of this fact that many advertisements of various products are found on radio, TV, newspapers, magazines, social network sites and websites with huge traffic on the internet. These adverts seek to capture the attention of customers from different cultures and backgrounds as well as customers who have different tastes and preferences. The use of social media as a platform of advertisement and consumer engagement has also increased. It is through such forums that firms get to understand the needs, tastes and preferences of their customers and involve them in the process of manufacturing, developing, testing and marketing their final products. This form of involvement plays a critical role in brand equity. Some firms also sponsor public events to increase the awareness of their products. Gillette for example is a brand that sponsors many sports and sports shows. Through its activities, the brand has gained a lot of recognition worldwide. Through its activities in a bid to sponsor the 2010 football world cup, Coca Cola increased its brand awareness and restored its brand loyalty to many consumers all around the globe. On the other hand, firms that focus on industrial products use a different marketing approach in building brand relationships with their clients. Here, the sales force of a firm plays a critical role in developing a relationship that is based on interdependence between a firm and its clients through one-on-one communication (Sorce 14). One-on-one communication has always been considered as the most convenient way to build a long lasting relationship with clients by firms that manufacture and sell industrial products. Initially, it was difficult for a firm to reach out to all its clients at an individual level. It is perhaps as a result of this that firms advocated to focus on a few large clients than many small clients. Despite the fact that this notion is still applicable, the presence of marketing databases coupled with improvements in the utilization of the information communication technology (ICT) has improved the process reaching out to customers at an individual level.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, marketing and consultative sales approach play a critical role in developing brand equity and strong brand relationships with their clients. In the process, firms that utilize this strategy usually develop strong brand loyalty. This is essential especially in a time where firms face stiff competition from their rivals, as firms will benefit from the economies of scale by serving their loyal customers who are always ready to pay premium prices and market the products or services of the firm through word of mouth. This will not only increase the market share of such a firm but it will also ensure that the firm is profitable and sustainable in the short run and in the long run. Strategic Sales Management and Sales Forecasting and Budgeting Sales forecasting is an essential concept in sales management position of a firm. GE Appliances, for instance, put a lot of consideration on sales forecasting due to its importance in the planning its operations. GE appliances also use sal es forecasting as a tool of determining the future sales of the company. The data generated from this method is critical in the development of market mix and generation of effective leads for the firm (Mentzer 34). Reduced costs of operations coupled with the increase in consumers have increased the level of competition in almost any industry, including the electrical appliance industry that GE Appliances operates in. Thus, to overcome this challenge, GE Appliances has utilized sales forecasting among other strategies. Through sales forecasting, GE Appliances is able to determine its future sales values. In the process, the firm is capable of formulating effective planning strategies that will improve the quality of its products and services hence ensuring that it stands at a competitive edge over its rivals. Sales forecasting also gives the firm information pertaining to changes in market trends, consumer tastes and preferences and the general performance of the industry (Jackson 1 23). With this information, GE Appliances is capable of maintaining a strong work force that is capable of meeting the needs and demands of its clients. This information is also essential in the development of budgets. For instance, the firm might realise that the performance of some of its brands are not as per the expected standards. With this information, the firm shall spend more on advertising the product hence increasing its brand awareness into the market. This enables the firm to overcome the challenge that it might be facing as a result of increased competition within the industry. From sales forecasting, the sales figures for the next financial period are usually determined. Consequently, the net sales, profit or loss can be ascertained. With this information, GE Appliances usually decide on whether to control or increase the budgets of its various departments (Jackson 131). Several challenges are usually faced while creating a budget. In most cases, budgets are created ba sed on decisions and data from a macro level of operation. However, the actual application of the budget shall be on a micro level. Therefore, to ensure that the budget is implemented in an effective and efficient manner, several considerations need to be put in place. First, the need of the budget needs to be established. Here, the managers and head of departments need to determine all the expenses, whether direct or indirect, that they might incur. To achieve this, GE Appliances usually get this feedback from sales managers (Stanton 14). It is also essential to ensure that there are multiple views of the budget to ensure that the budget incorporates the sales of different regions as well as different products. This will give room for the identification of nons of such instances include having different payment schemes for employees who are at the same level, failure of appraisal systems, and poor resources for work. These factors will ultimately reduce the morale of employees henc e reducing their performance. It is thus the role of sales managers to identify and eliminate such factors to ensure that the operations of all employees are as per the expected standards of the firm. This will increase the ease at which the firm as well as its sales force will achieve its short term and long-term goals and objectives. Sales Force Compensation As it has been discussed before, compensation is an essential aspect that determines the performance of an individual. This is because, most sales representatives are optimistic regarding the compensation package that they will receive during the time that they will commence their work on a given organization. Employees usually regard a compensation package that will be able to carter for their needs and reflects their level of employment, skills and expertise (Bernardin 91). It is with regards to this that GE Appliances takes this factor into consideration to ensure that the process of designing the compensation package refle cts the employment level of an individual, his/her qualifications and the effort that an employee puts to the firm. Additionally, the firm recognizes the fact that employees regard the level of loftiness that they get from their compensation. It is with regards to this that the firms also puts a lot of care while designing the compensation packages of various employees who are at the same level of employment. Thus, the first step that sales managers consider while developing compensation packages is the preparation of job descriptions of the sales representatives. At GE Appliances for instance, sales representatives may be involved in the selling of kitchen appliances, dishwashers, washing machines or marketing of these products to either businesses or customers. Therefore, it is evident that these employees conduct different tasks and hence their compensation should be different. The sales managers then need to measure the job description of an employee to the sales targets. Here, the sales managers need to consider factors such as the number of sales made, number of new customers introduced, volume of goods sold and the revenue generated by an employee. Once this has been done, the sales manager then needs to determine the categories of compensation. Usually, the education background, skills and expertise play a critical role in the development of these categories. Finally, the sales manager should then develop a compensation plan that includes all the employees and reflect the effort that they have put in conducting the activities of the firm. These compensation packages should not be too little or too much. They should effectively reflect the effort, skills and expertise of an employee. In addition to this, sales managers should also give sales employees incentives for the extra work done or effort put. Bernardin, John. Human Resource Management. New York: McGraw Hill, 2008. Print. Ghosh, Nathan. Management Control Systems. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall, 2005. Print. Ingram, Thomas. Sales Management: Analysis and Decision Making. New York: M.E. Sharpe Inc., 2009. Print. Jackson, Ralph. Sales and Sales Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996. Print. Kujnish, Vashisht. A Practical Approach to Sales Management. Mumbai: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2006. Print. Mentzer, John. Sales Forecasting Management: A Demand Management Approach.  California: Sage Publications, 2005. Print. Oliver, Lawrence. â€Å"Whence Consumer Loyalty.† Journal of Marketing 63.1(1999): 33-44, Print. Reichheld, Frederick. The Loyalty Effect. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1996. Print Robbins, Stephan. Organizational Behaviour: Concepts, Controversies and  Applications. New Delhi: Prentice Hall, 1999. Print. Roberts, Anthony. Management Control System. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print. Sorce, Patricia. Relationship Marketing Strategy. Sydney: Printing Industry Centre, 2002. Print. Stanton, Rich. Management of a Sales Force. New Delhi: McGraw Hill, 2003. Print. Zoltners, Prabhakant. The complete Guide to Sales Force Incentive Compensation. New York: Amacom, New York, 2006. Print

Coping with Conflict in an Intercultural Interethnic Situation essays

Coping with Conflict in an Intercultural Interethnic Situation essays Contemporary society requires that communication occur between individuals of different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Thus inter- cultural communication has become an important area of investigation among linguists and business managers alike. Operating in a global society, individuals must communicate on the basis of business, immigration, political and even recreational premises. Research suggests that international communication is more however, than simply learning the language of another country. There are hundreds of verbal and non verbal cues that are utilized from a cultural perspective depending upon the environment in which one is communicating. To avoid conflict and to adequately facilitate effective international communications, business representatives must first acknowledge and take an active interest in learning the cultural distinctions that exist from one country to another. To do this, individuals must first recognize communication patterns within their own culture. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of cultural and customs on communications between people from a global Gullestrup (2003) examined critical elements occurring within an intercultural situation. He created a model based upon the idea that individuals when communicating are often affected by more than one culture at a time. Gullestrup proposes that to understand basic concepts regarding intercultural communication, one must first understand basic units of culture, particularly one's own culture. He defines culture as a "philosophy of life, values, norms and rules" as well as actual behavior from which separate individuals have the ability to communicate as one (Gullestrup, 2003:1). If international business people do not first understand the nuances of their own culture and its impact on communications style, they will not have the ability to successfully ...

Functional hallux limitus Essays - Podiatry, Foot, Arthropathies

Functional hallux limitus Essays - Podiatry, Foot, Arthropathies Functional hallux limitus Functional hallux limitus is generally defined as a deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint that acts to restrict the range of movement of dorsiflexion during the propulsive phase of gait. (Chapman C.,1997) Different authors refine this basic definition further, some adding a further qualification that it is defined by a reduction of the range of dorsiflexion to less than 65 degrees. (Camasta C A.,1996). If the range is reduced to less than 5 degrees then the term Hallux rigidus is generally applied and is a subdivision of the clinical spectrum of functional hallux limitus. For the sake of completeness we should record that the normal range is generally 65-75 degrees of dorsiflexion. We should also define the difference between the structural and functional varieties of this condition. The functional variety of the condition is diagnosed only if the restriction in the range of movement is apparent during weightbearing (and by definition is not present during passive, non-weightbearing movement). The structural variety exhibits a restriction of movement in both eventualities. (Dananberg H J et al 1996), The assessment and diagnosis of functional hallux limitus is made either on clinical examination and history or with the assistance of formal gait assessment. As far as the latter is concerned, it is manifest as a biomechanical disability that has the predisposition to result in a comparatively ineffective propulsive mechanism (of varying degrees of severity) during the toe-off phase of the gait cycle. It can be accompanied by forefoot metatarsalgia together with other abnormalities of gait pattern (Townley and Taranow, 1994) The definition of a successful treatment is :To eliminate pain, restore motion, and maintain the strength and stability of the great toe, but must also reconstitute the normal distribution of weightbearing stresses sustained by the transverse metatarsophalangeal arch of the forefoot. (Townley and Taranow, 1994, p.575). Aetiology of the condition This is, to some extent a matter of controversy, as there are thought to be a number of independent but not mutually exclusive theories on the issue. (Laing P.,1995). Many authorities agree that the basic pathology stems from first ray hypermobility which, in itself is secondary to abnormal pronation. (Jahss M.,1982) In lay terms this means that the ray is moving when it should be stable. The fundamental issue here is one of abnormal pronation. During propulsion the subtalar joint is pronated and the midtarsal joint is mobile when it should be locked. This allows the first metatarsal to be hypermobile.. this results in the first metatarsal dorsiflexing when it should be plantarflexing. The less the ability of the first metatarsal to plantarflex, the less becomes the ability of the first metatarsophalangeal joint to move and the greater becomes the need for compensatory mechanisms to come into play. How the condition affects the gait cycle The restriction of flexion in the movement of the of the first metatarsophalangeal joint manifests itself in a number of ways that can be either directly attributable to the condition or also compensatory mechanisms that allow for normal propulsive gait to be accomplished. At the most basic level, the condition affects the ability of the foot to move fully over the hallux when the forefoot is planted on the ground. The degrees of impairment are variable (right up to hallux rigidus) and tend to progress with both age and length of time that the condition has been present. (Root M L et al 1987), Typical signs associated with functional hallux limitus can be pronation of the feet while standing and walking. They will have varying degrees of reduced propulsivity from their gait. They can have either an abductory twist during the gait cycle or can demonstrate an abnormally abducted angle of gait and associated delay in the heel off segment of the gait cycle. (Light M R.,1996) The early stages of the condition (typically in the younger patient) can go unnoticed and undiagnosed but as the condition becomes more advanced and obvious, compensatory changes in the gait cycle can become more apparent and pronounced. Progressive hypopropulsion, varying degrees of pelvic tilt and rounded shoulders are the more progressive accompaniments of the severe condition as the body attempts to compensate for the mechanical disadvantage of the condition. (Dananberg. HJ 1993) The use of orthoses for functional hallux limitus Because we have presented evidence

My Favorite Qubcois Canadian French Expressions

My Favorite Qubcois Canadian French Expressions As Quebec French language is very rich and full of nuances, it is difficult to choose a few representative phrases. Nevertheless, after much debate, this is my top list. These expressions are difficult to translate, so make sure you read the example to really get the meaning. I also added the French from France equivalent whenever I could. Enjoy! Michel is French and Canadian. He lives in the gorgeous island of Belle-Isle in Brittany where he offers  French immersion. He also taught at McGill in Montreal where he also spends a few months each year. 1 -  Avoir de la misà ¨reJ’ai ben d’la misà ¨re jouer au tennisLiteral translation: I have a lot of misery playing tennisIt means: I’ve got difficulty playing tennis.â€Å"Ben† comes from bien and means â€Å"beaucoup†, a lot of.In â€Å"franà §ais de France†, one would say : j’ai du mal jouer au tennis. 2 -  Avoir son voyageJ’ai mon voyage! Literal translation: I’ve got my trip, I have traveled.It indicates that you are surprised, or that you are fed up.In franà §ais de France, one would say : à §a alors! (to indicate surprise) Or j’en ai marre ! (to say youre fed up). 3 -  Le boss des bà ©cossesIl se prend pour le boss des bà ©cosses. Literal translation: he thinks he is the toilets boss.One would say that about someone who wants to lead a group of people who do not want any leader. Les bà ©cosses, a familiar feminine plural word, comes from the English word back-house and means toilets. 4 - C’est l’fonne!C’est ben l’fonne It’s really fun. See the Quà ©bà ©cois transformation of the English word fun into fonne, the word that doesnt exist at all in French from France. Note however that Canadian use both spellings, fun (more common) or fonne.The opposite phrase would be: c’est platte. It literally means it is flat (from the literal translation plat, but put in a Quà ©bà ©cois way...) but really means it is dull. Continues on page 2 Continued from Page 1 5 - En titiIl est riche en titi.It means he is very rich, so en titi means very.The origin of this adverbial phrase is unknown. 6 - Être aux oiseauxQuand il à ©coute de la musique, il est aux oiseauxWhen he listens to music, he belongs to birdsIt means to be very happy, ecstatic.In French from France,  one would say aux anges (with the angels). 7 - Ya du monde la messeQuand ya des soldes, ya du monde la messe.When there are sales, there are people for Mass.It means its crowded. Note the common street French way to say (sometimes even write ya instead of il-y-a. This is true for both Canadian and French from France French)In French from France, one would say il y a foule. I will be adding more expressions soon, so be informed of new articles, make sure you subscribe to my newsletter (its easy, you just enter your email address - look for it its somewhere on the French language homepage) or follow me on my social network pages below. I post exclusive mini lessons, tips, pictures and more daily on my Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest pages - so press the links below - talk to you there! https://www.facebook.com/frenchtoday https://twitter.com/frenchToday https://www.pinterest.com/frenchtoday/ More articles I wrote about Canadian French: - Dialogue in French Canadian ≠  Franà §ais de France English translation- My favorite French Canadian Expressions- 7 Best French Canadian Idioms- Love in Quà ©bà ©cois French

The Many Uses of Plastics

The Many Uses of Plastics Most modern plastics are based on organic chemicals that offer manufacturers a huge range of physical properties that is still growing. There was a time when anything made of plastic was considered to be of inferior quality, but those days are past. You are probably wearing plastic right now, maybe a polyester/cotton mix garment or even glasses or a watch with plastic components. The versatility of plastic materials comes from the ability to mold, laminate or shape them and to tailor them physically and chemically. There is a plastic suitable for almost any application. Plastics dont corrode, though they can degrade in UV, a component of sunlight, and can be affected by solvents. PVC plastic, for example, is soluble in acetone. Plastics in the Home There is a huge percentage of plastic in your television, your sound system, your cell phone, and your vacuum cleaner and probably plastic foam in your furniture. What are you walking on? Unless your floor covering is real wood, it probably has a synthetic/natural fiber blend like some of the clothes you wear. Take a look in the kitchen and you might see a plastic chair or bar stool seats, plastic countertops (acrylic composites), plastic linings (PTFE) in your nonstick cooking pans, and plastic plumbing in your water system. Now open your refrigerator. The food might be wrapped in PVC cling film, your yogurt is probably in plastic tubs, cheese in plastic wrap, and water and milk in blow-molded plastic containers. There are plastics now that prevent gas from escaping pressurized soda bottles, but cans and glass are still No. 1 for beer. (For some reason, guys dont like to drink beer from plastic.) When it comes to canned beer, though, you will find that the inside of the can is often lined with a plastic polymer. Plastics in Transport Trains, planes, and automobiles, even ships, satellites, and space stations, use plastics extensively. We used to build ships from wood and planes from string (hemp) and canvas (cotton/flax). We had to work with the materials that nature provided, but no more- we now design our own materials. Whatever mode of transport you pick, youll find plastic used extensively in: SeatingPanelingInstrument enclosuresSurface coverings Plastics are even combined with other materials as structural elements in all kinds of transport, even skateboards, rollerblades, and bicycles. Challenges for the Plastics Industry Its clear that modern life would be very different without plastics. However, challenges lie ahead. Because many plastics are so durable and dont corrode, they create considerable disposal problems. They arent good for the landfill, as many will persist for hundreds of years; when theyre incinerated, dangerous gases can be produced. Many supermarkets now give us one-use grocery bags; leave them in a cupboard long enough and all you will have left is dust because they are engineered to degrade. Perversely, some plastics can be cured (hardened) by UV, which shows how varied their formulas are. Additionally, because many plastics are based ultimately on crude oil, there is a continuous rise in the cost of raw materials that chemical engineers are trying to workaround. We now have biofuel for automobiles, and the feedstock for that fuel grows on the land. As this production increases, sustainable feedstock for the plastic industry will become more widely available. We are getting wiser, and now many plastics can be chemically, mechanically, or thermally recycled. We still must solve the disposal issue, which is being actively addressed through materials research, recycling policies, and enhanced public awareness.

Fashion Istitute of Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion Istitute of Technology - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Istitute of Technology" explores the Fashion Merchandising Management in the FIT. The use of the right colors and sketching has since been my passion. The details involved in every art work amazed me and that sowed the initial seeds of my interest in the field of fashion. Thus it was this interest in fine arts and detailing, which I had acquired at a very early age that instilled a sense of fashion within me. It subsequently urged me in my later years to take up designing as my field of study in my university study programme. I successfully completed a four year major course in interior design at the Udmurtskij State University, which is in my home town Izhevsk, Russia. This course helped me to study the detailing and finer aspects of fashion. Though it was pertaining to interior design the course however, gave me a broader perspective about fashion designing. Additionally, the course also included management concepts and helped me realize the importance of managem ent in the fashion industry. Later on, when I moved to the US and took up a bartending job initially, I got the opportunity to mingle with people and improve my basic communication skills. It was then I realized that I had a flair for communication and an interest to work with people. The job taught me people management and the different ways to interact with people. Though I had deviated from my interest of work, the bartending job gave me a first course in management. My decision to take up a course in fashion.

Philosophical, Medical and the Legal Aspects of Abortion Research Paper

Philosophical, Medical and the Legal Aspects of Abortion - Research Paper Example The definition of abortion as provided by US National Library Medicine is that â€Å"An abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It uses medicine or surgery to remove the embryo or fetus and placenta from the uterus† (Anderson, 2003). Another definition of abortion is â€Å"Abortion is referred to as the process of terminating pregnancy at a stage before the fetus has attained the stage of viability† (Kapilasharmi, 2007). It is important to consider the philosophical interpretations of abortion along with the medical definitions. In a philosophical angle, it is the denial of the right to be born. The social acceptability of abortion has been argued upon with reference to its sociological and moral implications. These arguments are based on the moral philosophy questioning man’s right over another individual’s life. The general claim against abortion is that it is not very different from brutal murder. Interestingly, while in a murder, the victim receives the sentiments of the people whereas in abortion, the entire social mechanisms conspire for the process resultantly the murdered and the sentiments associated with it portrayed as a mere medical process. As per medical definitions, the fetus is a just a chunk of tissues, but for the ethically thinking society, the fetus is an important part of tomorrows world. The religious argument also supports this view as it believes that it’s only God who has right take a life (Anderson, 2003). The medical consequences and principles of abortion are also worth careful review.

Research Paper on Data Mining Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Data Mining - Research Paper Example This marks their preferences which are used for understanding how often they would shop, where they travel to for getting a brand and what kind of price they are ready to pay for obtaining the said product. Data mining has come of age because it has been linked up with understanding the people in particular and how they employ the basic dictum of buying and selling. This also helps the companies to comprehend how well their target base is shifting its basis and what kind of changes are happening within their fore. The manner in which this personal information is being made use of suggests that the unethical norms and routines are on the upsurge, and these need to be controlled for all the right reasons. Data mining is important to understand because its usage has been openly discussed, criticized and analyzed upon. It has touched upon the significant pointers which have paid emphasis on the way the user privacy levels have been transgressed upon of late, and how these have meant seri ous problems for them; no matter they are available in a physical form or a virtual one (Greenberg, 2006). The data mining procedures are usually given the cover by the people who conduct the same. They believe that it is an ethical process which is good for the company and hence they go about conducting the same business data mining activities. Also they believe staunchly that they must know more in order to give back towards their own business entireties. The personal information that has been saved by the companies in the wake of the data mining procedures is somewhat of a confusing debate. This is because the data mining activities shall be the cornerstone of their reaching towards new and unique customers of products and services. By this, they can find out how the new and unique customers would have their respective preferences and how this shall help the brand (and the company) to develop as a result of the same undertakings. For the users, they seem to be living in an unprot ected zone. This is because they are unaware who is secretly tracking their information and which individual or company is trying its best to reach out to this user in the future. There is a sense of susceptibility with regards to the users when they are unaware of who is going to contact them next and in what capacity this contact will be established. Perhaps, it is about time that the companies realized that there must be an ethical way to bring about contact with the people than merely reaching out to them as strangers. However, much needs to be understood and that too in a proper manner to achieve sound results (Gopalani, 2011). The personal information is important for everyone because it changes the course of one’s entirety. If this is compromised upon, it will mean that the people are being taken for granted by these companies, which is simply deemed as unacceptable on their part. The data mining techniques might look very glamorous to these companies but what they see m to forget is the fact that these companies have a major responsibility to take care of. The reason why people seem to be not protected from the data mining techniques which are in use is because they know already that their information and private data is being compromised upon, and hence the need to set things right. The privacy levels will resolve quite a lot of problems if there are concerted efforts made by the data mining

Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Research Report - Essay Example There are several ways of collating data; surveys are the primary means through which data is measured and captured. They have varied purposes, and encompass â€Å"marketing surveys, opinion surveys, and political polls†, among others. The questionnaire has been self-constructed, dealing with the following items: competitive cost, convenience of fast food, cleanliness of the facility, ambience of the store, personalized service, promotional offers, varied menu, being a strong global brand, and other reasons. These close-ended questions had fixed options given for each, and the respondent simply checked which option/s are applicable for him/her. Close-ended questions are questions that the researcher provides, and which may be accomplished by putting a check mark on a box or by encircling a response that corresponds to your choice. Oppenheim (1992) suggests these questions are straightforward and thus easier and quicker to answer; they are very useful in testing specific hypothesis. Most probably, they shall be utilized in the beginning of the investigation, since the unrestricted responses they attract create a better picture of the survey for the researcher. The main advantage of this kind of question is its ability to obtain a summated value. As Chisnall (1997) suggests that mail questionnaire is a predetermined set of questions that is sent to a predetermined sample. Its advantages over other methods include its low price, reassured anonymity, confidentiality, its large target scope and its ability to keep certain standards. Mail questionnaires are advantageous when responses have to be obtained from a sample that is geographically dispersed, or it is difficult or not possible to conduct telephone interviews to obtain the same data without much expense. Respondents can take more time to respond at convenience. However, the return rates of mail questionnaires are

Pilots Flying Fatigued Alertness in the Skies Essay

Pilots Flying Fatigued Alertness in the Skies - Essay Example A National Transportation Safety Board safety study of U.S. major air carrier accidents attributed to flight crew error from 1978 to 1990 found that in half of the flights crews had been awake for more than 12 hours prior to their accidents. "Crews comprising captains and first officers whose time since awake was above the median for their crew position made more errors overall and significantly more procedural and tactical decision errors" (Strauss, 2007). Fatigue has significant physiological and performance consequences. It is essential that all flight crewmembers remain aware and play their role in flight safety by their observations and actions. As fatigue is a safety concern, this discussion will describe the symptoms of fatigue along with its physical and psychological effects specific to airline pilots. Looking into the factor of pilot fatigue and how it affects the aviation industry in the short and long runs is the concern of this study. The paper will research on the extent of fatigued pilots flying in the skies and the hazards it poses to consumers and the aviation industry in general. Factors that lead to this problem and possible solutions will also be discussed. The study will contribute to a better understanding of the risks the aviation industry is facing when pilots fly their airplanes under fatigued conditions. It is important that consumers have closer insights on the limitations of the pilot. Airline owners need to get a better view of pilots as a special human resource with tremendous roles and responsibility. Knowing what causes fatigue will effectively give solutions to problems that can directly be attributed to pilots flying planes under stressed conditions. Pilot fatigue is a national interest in so much as it is the concern of airline clients and owners. Safety in the skies is a multi million dollar industry because besides human lives, transport goods using airplanes has developed ways of business and lifestyles. Disruption does not only cause delays but also loss of business. The study will therefore contribute to the growing research that is urgently needed by regulating bodies. "The National Transportation Safety Board has cited fatigue as a factor in more than 20 aviation accidents. As a result, addressing the issue of pilot fatigue has been on the NTSB's Most Wanted Safety Improvement List for almost a decade.In order to address the issue of pilot fatigue, the FAA does have regulations in place that limit pilots' hours of service. In addition, since December 1995, the FAA has been working on updating and improving the Federal regulations limiting pilots' flight time. The FAA wants to incorporate the latest research on fatigue into regulations, as well as simplify existing rules, making it easier to respond to changing business practices in the aviation industry." (House of Representatives Report, 1999) Studies help private entities and public officials appreciate the effectiveness of existing laws and regulations. However, studies help improve existing regulations that can prevent accidents from happening. In a fast paced environment where people and machines continuously attain twenty-four hour by seven-day operations, studies like this will share valuable information. Pilots Flying Fatigued Documented accidents have shown that pilot error can be attributed to

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Operations Management - Essay Example e continuous improvement as a never-ending process, emphasis should be given on restaurant staff, equipment, suppliers, materials (such as ingredients) and processes. Walter Shewhart has developed a circular model PDCA which can be used as a tool for continuous improvement. Another approach which Nok can adopt to emphasis on continuous improvement is to create a small team of 8-12 employees which is known as quality circles. Nok can provide the team with the required tools and techniques through which they can identify the problems and make the required changes to solve the problem (Mahadevan, 2010). The major problem which Nok has realised that she will face is the varying demand of the customers, which will not also result in unavailability of various ingredients but will also result in wastage of unused items. Therefore, the first mission of quality circle will be to determine how to predict the demand of customers rightly and how to ensure just-in-time inventory or stock. In order to determine the solutions to the above mentioned problem, the team should meet at least twice a week for 60-90 minutes to determine the number of customers visited the restaurant during the week and the items that were requested from the menu and the ingredients that wer e used. Once the quality circle gets able to solve this problem, then and only then any problem can be approached. In this way, by using these two quality management approaches, Nok will be better able to improve and ensure the quality of its products/services. Although quality management team or quality circle will be able to determine the areas where the improvements can be made to reduce the defects and problems, however, to understand the root cause of the problem, using Cause and Effect (Fishbone) Diagram can be very significant. Since the ultimate aim of excellent operations management is to achieve the customer satisfaction, therefore, to assess the quality provided by the restaurant and to analyse the

Criminal Minds Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminal Minds - Research Paper Example There is no surety for a person being a non offender. As humans are circled around their emotions anyone can become an offender. It is said that it is the circumstances that make a person commit crimes. There is an offender in each and every one but the true sense of a person keeps away from crime and related incidents. A crime can be defined as â€Å"Crime is the violation of societal rules of behaviour as interpreted by and expressed by a criminal legal code created by people holding social and political power. Individuals who violate these rules are subject to sanctions by state authority, social stigma, and loss of status† (Siegel, 2008, p.18). The crimes are against social, political and economic behaviour of human beings. If a person does a crime he gets separated from these three agencies. Along with the physical setbacks as mentioned above, a major conflict comes in the mind of the criminal whether the thing that he or she did was right or wrong in accordance with his or her conscience. Now days the level of conscience is deteriorating and so the rate of crimes are increasing to an intimidating level. Samples of famous crimes: In analysing the history of crimes a person can see great number of them. In reading the life of Donald â€Å"Pee wee† Gaskins, the most prolific serial killer in South Carolina, it takes a person to embarrassment that the background of a person has much to do in shaping his or her life. Gaskins’ childhood was troublesome and was often neglected by all his surroundings including mother. He felt himself as abandoned by all and this changed his mind to stubborn and cruel. Later in his life he has passed through all sorts of crime and to the surprise was not at all guilty for it. He considered himself equal to God in taking others life (Montaldo, 2011). The temperament of the people is changing day by day. No one is ready to make any adjustment. The availability of the deadly weapons and curving for money make people do any sort of crime. The mass killing at Virginia Polytechnic institute and State University by Seung-Hui Cho, a senior English major at the institution, cau sed the death of 32 people and then including him on April 16 2007. In analysing the reason for the incident it was made clear that the student was having anxiety disorder. â€Å"The day after massacre, thousands attended a tearful assembly in the university’s coliseum, where U.S. President George W. Bush acknowledged the nation’s sorrow and grief† (Flemming, 2008, p.288). The destruction of World Trade Centre is the epitome of political crime. It happened on 11th September 2001, nearly killing 3000 people and 19 hijackers. In consulting these attacks a question can be raised, â€Å"Why is Osama bin Laden (widely regarded as the brains behind the atrocities of 11 September 2001, the destruction of the World Trade Centre in New York) targeted as a ‘terrorist’ and not as a ‘criminal’?† (Soothill , Peelo &Taylor, 2002. p.143). If any political cause is involved with the crime it can be termed as terrorist acts and in other cases cri minal activities. But all things are in one way or other are harmful to the life of the innocent people. Whatever be the cause, it is not at all right to take the lives of other people. The religious notion of ‘preserving life’ has to be upheld for the common goodness of the people. What causes a criminal mind? Many reasons are there before each and every crime. Some may be personal and others may be political

Bmw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bmw - Essay Example From the marketing side three developments make the need for information greater now than in the past: global marketing, the customer-oriented marketing approach and the nonprice competition. Information transforms the financial decisions governed by the numbers into business decisions based on the probability of alternative strategic assumptions thus it requires that the business has formulated a strategy and this strategy and its assumptions are challenged. Therefore, the organization needs to continuously innovate in order to remain and become antagonistic. The management requires sales data especially up-to-the minute reports on current sales. It needs to have accurate data on stock levels of products, it needs information on customer profiles (financial and personal data), on marketing expenditure, on customers’ perception about the company and its products, on industry sales and market shares, on staff’s training needs, on financial aspects of the company (debts, loans, cash-flow, budgeting etc.), on R&D and on production line requirements. The BMW Group follows the efficient dynamics strategy i.e. the environmental friendly car production and the customer orientation. Thanks to the use of flexible working methods and working-time accounts, the BMW Group directs its production capacities highly efficiently to changes in demand on the various sales markets. Identify an example of each of strategic, tactical and operational decisions which might be/have been taken by your chosen business. Explain why these decisions are respectively strategic, tactical and operational. 18 marks Number ONEÂ  expresses our claim to leadership, its letters O, N and E stand for Opportunities, New and Efficiency: we want to make the most of new opportunities and achieve new levels of efficiency. Essentially, the name Number ONE stands for everything we do in relation

Social Anxiety Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Anxiety Disorder - Essay Example C. Lack of social experience or skills in certain social situations may worsen the fear and anxiety of being mortified or embarrassed in the presence of others - the anxiety stemming from the feeling that they will embarrass or humiliate themselves (Antony & Swinson, 2008). D. Thesis Statement: Social anxiety disorder does not let individuals to function normally in society; others have less obvious symptoms of the disorder, and it can be even so well-hidden that they do not realize having it, but still the anxiety disorder interferes with their normal coexistence with other people (Nardi, 2003). C. Psychotherapy: Involves talking to a trained therapist. Psychotherapy allows the person with anxiety disorder to look deeper into their worries and problems and sort out troublesome habits (Zimbardo, 2001). A. Social anxiety disorder does not let individuals to function normally; others have less obvious symptoms of the disorder, and it can be so well-hidden that they do not realize having it, but still the disorder interferes with their normal coexistence with

Toyota Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Toyota Case Study - Essay Example Toyota Auris – The Auris represents the second model of energy saving vehicle to be introduced to the UK market by Toyota. Like its predecessor, the Toyota Prius the car makes use of hybrid engine technology to deliver a vehicle with low running costs and other financial benefits such as low tax duties. However, the marketing mix and target audience for the Auris model are slightly different to that of the Prius. Where the Toyota Prius clearly targeted the practical family market, the Auris is a smaller vehicle and targets the compact car market. Despite the fact that the car is a smaller offering than the Toyota Prius, the vehicle is still aimed at the premium end of the segment with models still costing in excess of ?20,000 at the entry level. Like Prius the car targets those who are either environmentally conscious or who are looking for long term low cost motoring. One of the key selling features of the model is the low fuel consumption with a reported MPG of 74.3. When bo th of Toyota’s offerings in the energy saving vehicle market within the UK are considered, the message may ultimately be seen as a similar one. Both cars target those who are environmentally conscious or who are looking for low cost motoring in the long term. However, high initial costs and premium based pricing strategy (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006) ensure that Toyota has maintained its reputation as a supplier of high value premium cars in the UK market. The following tools give a situation analysis with regards to the external environment which may affect the performance of Toyota’s energy saving vehicles in the UK. PESTLE Analysis Political On the whole political changes have been... This essay stresses that despite Toyota’s premium based pricing strategy, the researcher considers that economic performance is likely to worsen in the coming years which may see a greater level of growth in the budget sector. As such, it is recommended that Toyota in the coming years adapt its pricing strategy to one based around a cost leadership model in relation to the environmentally friendly car sector. Here the company should take advantage of the falling costs of technology in its existing models to assist the development of a budget range of cars using exiting hybrid technology. This may give Toyota a significant cost based advantage in comparison to other companies who are still in the expensive R&D stage of the development of energy saving vehicles. This paper makes a conclusion that one of the major advantages seen in the marketing of the Toyota Prius has been the high level of association between the product and role models within society such as Hollywood celebrities. However, as yet Toyota has yet to make official use of such marketing techniques. As such, one recommendation of the report is that Toyota should adapt the promotional element of the marketing mix to make use of celebrity endorsements and other associations which may help to lift sales of both existing and new models. Here the researcher recommends that such changes to the promotional element of the marketing mix should be linked to a web marketing strategy including the use of viral methods and online social networks.

Analysis of Marketing Mix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Marketing Mix - Research Paper Example This includes increasing the number of products in the market while maintaining quality and low production costs. Product development ranges from identifying customer need to designing activities that analyze and refine new ideas. These ideas bring about new products or refine existing products. Unique, high quality and affordable products give a business an advantage over competitors (Brassington and Pettitt, 2005). Beauty for price Hairdressing has faced steep competition from similar businesses in the region. Product development requires intense marketing, especially in a competitive industry. Investing in marketing involves advertising, employing human marketers, promotions, and other activities that sell out the business. With the upcoming events, the salon needs intense marketing and reorganizing the business process. This includes buying better hairdressing equipment and employing more hairdressers. Human resource is necessary for service delivery. Events such as sports and co nferences have several participants and more workers are required to handle the large numbers effectively. Employing experts improves the quality of services offered which surpass competing businesses. Introduction of new business services such as massage, manicure, pedicure, and other related services can also increase the number of customers (Adcock, Halborg and Ross, 2001). Businesses distribute their products in different ways to provide customer convenience. Distribution methods depend on the type of business and its intended customers. Global companies have distribution centers in several regions around the globe. Products are dispatched from the distribution center nearest to the customer (Jobber, 2010). This reduces distribution cost and time required for the product to reach the customer. Retailers incorporate several distribution methods that focus on customer satisfaction at a minimum cost. Efficient and pleasurable shopping experiences that meet customer needs and market demands are required by business organizations. Most customers prefer businesses providing quality and convenient services. A salon can introduce mobile services to its customers. During major events, most participants reside in hotels and prefer room services. Starting mobile room services would serve as a boost to business activities (Jones Mothersbaugh and Beatty, 2003). E-commerce and advertising through the internet is another way of ensuring the availability of products. Customers can access the business website to learn about their services and book appointments. The distribution channel in a hairdressing business consists of wholesalers who sell and supply products to the salon. The salon then uses the products to offer services to customers. Maintaining a constant link with suppliers is necessary for constant availability of products for customer convenience. The business location also determines customer convenience. Customers prefer business locations that are easily acc essible.  Ã‚  

Bmw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bmw - Essay Example From the marketing side three developments make the need for information greater now than in the past: global marketing, the customer-oriented marketing approach and the nonprice competition. Information transforms the financial decisions governed by the numbers into business decisions based on the probability of alternative strategic assumptions thus it requires that the business has formulated a strategy and this strategy and its assumptions are challenged. Therefore, the organization needs to continuously innovate in order to remain and become antagonistic. The management requires sales data especially up-to-the minute reports on current sales. It needs to have accurate data on stock levels of products, it needs information on customer profiles (financial and personal data), on marketing expenditure, on customers’ perception about the company and its products, on industry sales and market shares, on staff’s training needs, on financial aspects of the company (debts, loans, cash-flow, budgeting etc.), on R&D and on production line requirements. The BMW Group follows the efficient dynamics strategy i.e. the environmental friendly car production and the customer orientation. Thanks to the use of flexible working methods and working-time accounts, the BMW Group directs its production capacities highly efficiently to changes in demand on the various sales markets. Identify an example of each of strategic, tactical and operational decisions which might be/have been taken by your chosen business. Explain why these decisions are respectively strategic, tactical and operational. 18 marks Number ONEÂ  expresses our claim to leadership, its letters O, N and E stand for Opportunities, New and Efficiency: we want to make the most of new opportunities and achieve new levels of efficiency. Essentially, the name Number ONE stands for everything we do in relation

Social Anxiety Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Anxiety Disorder - Essay Example C. Lack of social experience or skills in certain social situations may worsen the fear and anxiety of being mortified or embarrassed in the presence of others - the anxiety stemming from the feeling that they will embarrass or humiliate themselves (Antony & Swinson, 2008). D. Thesis Statement: Social anxiety disorder does not let individuals to function normally in society; others have less obvious symptoms of the disorder, and it can be even so well-hidden that they do not realize having it, but still the anxiety disorder interferes with their normal coexistence with other people (Nardi, 2003). C. Psychotherapy: Involves talking to a trained therapist. Psychotherapy allows the person with anxiety disorder to look deeper into their worries and problems and sort out troublesome habits (Zimbardo, 2001). A. Social anxiety disorder does not let individuals to function normally; others have less obvious symptoms of the disorder, and it can be so well-hidden that they do not realize having it, but still the disorder interferes with their normal coexistence with

Finance in Hospitality Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance in Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example The businessperson can apart with money to put into the business. This could include savings or start up capital. This method of approach ensures that the person has complete ownership of the business. External sources are another option to funding. There is several of this kind of funding. Bank loan is one example. Banks can offer one capital to fund a business. The loan repayment is spread over a long period of time and one has to pay interest. One can have additional partners when starting a business. An individual may decide to team up with another person in the business venture. The new partner usually pays more capital than the individual. I would go for owner’s capital Friends and family may also be a source of external funding. Family can invest in a business with little or no interest. They can support an individual in the business venture without making demand for shareholding .Small Business Administration (SBA) can generate funds for business setup. In this method the individual access loans that are provided for by the federal government The amount of interest is minimal in SBA’s. The best sourcing for me could be family and friends. Interests, security and shareholding are not demanded for with the approach. To add on, the family can offer counsel and support during the business initiation. Generating income in hotel Business. Venturing in business is usually for the purposes of income generation. Various businesses employ a variety of methods to realize the optimal profits. The enterprises engage in various forms of generation .Fee for service, selling of products, membership dues, tangible and untangible assets are ways that money is earned in an institution. The hospitality industry also can employ these strategies to make economic gain. Services can be sold as a way of making money. Catering services can be provided for by hotels in different contexts .Eatery services can be offered within the organization. Customers visit the ho tel and get food and drinks for which they are charged .Hotels can cater for wedding sand parties in the neighborhood and make profits. Catering services can be taken to institutions of learning by the hotels and the administration reciprocates the service by paying up. Tangible assets can also be used to gain profits. Leasing and renting out of assets such as space, equipment and land. The hotel can hire out rooms for conferences and workshops to other organizations. This ensures that they make for the leasing and the assets remain their own. Space for hosting events such as parties and weddings can also make up for income generation. The grounds can be well lawn and presentable. Consumers can therefore rent the place and pay up for the amount of time they use the place. Furthermore, boarding services can be provided for. The consumers are offered spaces to sleep for a levy .Investment and dividends can offer funds for an organization. The hotel can enroll in the stock exchange and gain accrued interests with time. This is the passive way of income generation as the stakeholders are not directly involved in money making. TASK 2 Costs, gross profit percentages and selling prices fort products and services are important in mapping out a company’s progress. Cost can have various elements to it that need to be considered. These elements include; revenue, Cost of goods sold, formula as well as management. Revenue refers to as ‘sales ‘in companies. This is the receipts and debits over a certain